What is Pu-erh Tea ?

Pu-erh Tea, also known as Pu’erh or Pu-er is a type of tea manufactured in the Pu’erh tea district of southern Yunnan Province in China. Pu-erh tea takes its name from the small city of Pu-erh, which is about a hundred miles from Laos and Burma border.


History of Pu-erh tea
It is an interesting fact that pu-erh tea used to be exchanged for horses in the traditional markets of Tibet and Mongolia for years. Over the centuries, pu-erh tea was used as a form of currency in China. Later when the health benefits of pu-erh tea became known, its fame spread beyond these regions and went as far as Hong Kong. Over the years pu-erh tea has spread from Hong Kong and Guangzhou, to Taiwan, Beijing, Shanghai and within China. The popularity of pu-erh has started to spread to the US and Europe.


The earliest records of pu-erh tea date back to the tang dynasty (618 AD- 906 AD) and it shows that it was the favorite drink of the nobleman of the time. It is believed that pu-erh improves with age just like vintage wine. It is said that during the Cultural Revolution a lot of the old cakes were destroyed increasing the rareness of aged puer. In 1973, a process was invented to create fermented puer in a short time, from 40 to 60 days.

 


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Characteristics of puer tea
P’uerh tea liquor has a unique earthy flavor which is long lasting. The best pu-erh tea is said to be pleasant and sweet. The poor quality ones can taste harsh and even bitter.


Types of pu-erh tea
There are two general types of puer-- cooked and raw. The raw or shen (green) puer is made from mao cha and steamed and pressed into cakes. It slowly changes over time through a natural fermentation process. The microbes present in the mao cha is responsible for this fermentation and the raw pu-erh is transformed, changing the texture and colour from green to black. It is the shen that retains its value over time and it is believed to attain full maturity after about thirty years.
 

The quality of the mao cha is an important factor in puer tea. The ideal mao cha is not oxidized and is two leaves and one bud. Farmers typically bring their mao cha to towns and villages. Here they are sold to local buyers and sorted and from them it is bought by puer producers. Most of the mao cha cultivation is done by small farmers, although it can be bought from bigger markets in Yunnan province.

 

How is puer tea made?
Most commercial pu-erh is a blend of mao cha from different areas. Pu-erh tea leaves should be taken from exceptionally broad-leaved tea trees. The more mature leaves are used to make a crude dark long tea. This tea is either left loose or punched into cakes. It is then permitted to retain barely enough moisture-content so that the tea continues to ferment slowly over time. It is for this reason that puer is best-stored open so that oxygen can continue to refine the tea.


Since puer has become more popular, many farmers are cutting their old trees to create bushes which have a better yield. This has resulted in a drastic reduction of old trees.


Benefits of pu-erh tea
Pu-erh tea helps in digestion and to reduce blood cholesterol and lipid levels. The scientific studies on pu-erh tea since 1970 suggest that it may reduce cholesterol in the blood stream and reduce body weight. It is believed to minimize high blood pressure, heart and liver diseases related to high saturated fat diets. It detoxifies the liver and prevents intestinal infection, digestive problems and constipation. It also stops the formation of cancer cells in the body due to its anti-oxidants
 

How to buy pu-erh tea?
Puer is often a favorite tea of the truly dedicated tea drinker. While buying pu-erh tea, it is wrong to assume that the 1st grade is the best grade for puer .For example, some of the most sought after tea is made from mao cha that is larger still than tenth grade tea. It is actually a question of taste. It is advisable to also pay attention to the uniformity of compression of the tea and good blending of quality mao cha.

How to brew pu-erh tea?
It is best to use boiling water with pu-erh tea, so that it will release its earthy flavor. If you soak 2-3-chrysanthemum blossoms with the tea, it adds a natural sweetness to the tea, adding a flowery fragrance to the natural earthy flavor of the tea.

 

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Article Contributed By: Sabina Zacharias

 

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